which从句（怎么判断which引导什么从句）

　　which从句（怎么判断which引导什么从句）
　　定语从句解题思路和近五年的高考真题
　　定语从句是英语语法中较难理解和掌握的部分，在文章里，它有一百张面孔让我们丢分。但实际上定语从句并不复杂，只要掌握了其内在逻辑，保证你手到擒来，斩获高分。
　　老师整理了定语从句解题思路和近五年的高考真题，希望帮助同学们在高考前的十几天，攻克这个题型。
　　概念
　　定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
　　定语从句＂三要素＂
　　1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
　　①指人的先行词
　　②指物的先行词
　　★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
　　He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词
　　2.关系词：引导定语的词
　　(1) 关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)关系词的分类标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
　　· 关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（
　　that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
　　· 关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)
　　3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子
　　定语从句分类
　　·限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。
　　He is a teacher who works at our school.
　　·非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开
　　Beijing,whichis the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较：
　　He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)
　　定语从句难点
　　1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)
　　(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that)I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that)he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem(that/which) people are interested in.比较：Housing price is a problemin whichpeople are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）
　　1.先行词是人(that/who的区别)
　　(1)用that的情况
　　①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the manthatis shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girlthatshe used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very personthatwe are looking for.
　　(2)用who的情况
　　①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Thosewhowant to go to the cinemawill have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boythatwon the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young menwhoare against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,whois my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
　　3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)
　　(1)用which的情况
　　①在非限定性定语从句中
　　She lost the game,whichdepressed her greatly.
　　②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语
　　The penwith whichyou writeis Jack's.
　　③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.
　　Let me show you the novelthatI borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.
　　(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did allthatshe couldto help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very bookthatI want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he placesthatimpressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best bookthatI have ever read.This is the first filmthatI've seensince I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词已用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factorywhichproduced thingsthathad never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the personthatis standing at the gate?
　　4.as引导定语从句用法
　　(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
　　(2) 常用于以下句型当中：such/so….. as…. 像…..一样 the same …. as… 和…...同样的A computer issouseful a machineaswe can use everyday.He is notthe samemanashe was.(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为＂正如，像＂等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
　　As I remember, there were a net bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
　　★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别
　　This isthe samebikethatI lost yesterday. (同一事物)This isthe samebikeasI lost yesterday. （同类事物）
　　5.定语从句的解题方法
　　(1)判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句）。(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词。