英语论文参考风险管理

　　风险管理是对一个组织即将到来的威胁和危险的识别过程。在一个组织中，风险可以通过多种方式进入，它可以来自项目失败、金融市场、组织中的事故，如洪水、地震、龙卷风、断电、公共卫生和安全以及法律风险等。很难说，一个组织可以解决所有即将到来的风险的组织如地震，我们可以假定地震破坏的业务，但我们不能说多少，但也有一些替代即将到来的威胁像断电我们可以用发电机维持经营。
　　Introduction简介
　　Riskmanagementisaidentificationprocessofupcomingthreatsanddangertoanorganisation。Inanorganisationriskcanenterthroughmanyways，itcancomefromprojectfailure，financialmarket，anaccidentinorganisationsuchasflood，earthquake，cyclone，powerfailure，publichealthandsafetyandlegalrisketc。Riskcanbelowtomedium，ormediumtohigh。Itisdifficulttosaythatanorganisationcansolvealltheupcomingriskstotheorganisationlikeearthquake，wecanjustassumethatearthquakecandamagethebusiness，butwecannotsayhowmuch，buttherearesomealternativesofupcomingthreatslikeinpowerfailurewecanusegeneratortokeeprunningthebusiness。
　　1）PurposeofriskmanagementwithinanenterpriseThepurposeofriskmanagementinanorganisationtoidentifyproblemsbeforetheyenterandcreateproblemsintheorganisation，sothatriskmanagementhandlingprocessmaybeplaned。
　　Itisacontinuouslookingaheadprocesssoitisanimportantpartofabusiness。Earlydetectionofriskisimportantbecauseitiseasier，notmuchexpensive，andchangescanmadeeasilyintheplannedprocess。Itiseasytomaintainastrategyandsolvetheriskswhentheyareinearlystage。Asuccessfulmanagercanmonitorrisksbeforetheycreateproblemsinabusiness。Thelackofinformationcanisdangerousinabusinesssothestaffoftheorganisationshouldbewelltrainingsothattheycanassumetheriskwhenitisinearlystageandreporttothemanagementassoonaspossible。
　　2）BenefitsofriskmanagementwithinanenterpriseAneffectiveriskmanagementprogramcanhelptheorganisationstomanagetheirrisksandmaximisesuccessopportunities。Therearetoomanybenefitsofriskmanagementtoanorganisation，likelesstimeconsuming，lesscostly，lesslabour。Themanagersofanorganisationshouldtrainthestaffthattheycandiscusstheriskswiththemanagementwhenitisinearlystage。Communicationisabeneficialwayforanorganisationithelpstounderstandthemostimportantriskareas。Staffcanprovideinformationinwrittenordiscusswiththemanagement。Soitcanbeearlyidentificationforthemanagementandanalerttothemanagementabouttheupcomingthreats。Thepotentialriskmanagementbenefitsare；supportingbusinessplanning，useofresourcesineffectiveways，continuousimprovementinthebusiness，fewerdangersandthreats，increaseofnewopportunities，increasingcommunicationbetweenstaffandmanagement，helpsandfocusinternalauditprogrammeetc。
　　3）AReviewingofactivitiesandinternalenvironmentByreviewingtheinternalenvironmentofaorganisationwecanassumethathowwecanidentifytherisksandfoundriskintheorganisationisacceptableorunacceptable，ifitisunacceptablethenhowcanwemanagethatrisktoavoidanupcomingdangerorthreat。Itcanbefoundbyanauditcommitteeorbyagroup。Riskcanaffecttheinternalenvironmentoftheorganisation。Itdependsontheorganisationsstaffthathowwelltheyaretrainedbythemanagement，itdependsontheskillsofthestaffthathowtheywillhandleitorwilltheyhandleitthemselvesorwillreporttomanagementoftheorganisation。
　　Thestaffandmanagementshouldperformtheirdutieswithresponsibilitiesandcompletetheirassignmentsonthegiventimeframebythemanagement。Thereshouldbeacontinuousmonitoringofactivitiesintheorganisationandthemanagementshoulddosomethingforthedevelopmentofthestaffandgivethemaproperandcontinuoustrainingsotheycanbeperfectinperformingtheirduties。
　　B。SettingobjectivesAlltheorganisationsfacetherisksfrominternalandexternalenvironments。Objectivesshouldbeexistbeforethemanagementcanidentifyrisksaffectingtheachievementsoftheorganisation。Anagencyshoulddeveloprelatedobjectives。Therearethreebroadcategoriesofobjectivesoperations，reporting，andcompliance。Inoperationsthecompanyshoulddoalltheoperationsandworkveryeffectivelyandinaprogressiveway，thereshouldnotbetheminorfaultsintheformulationsoftheproductsandservicesofthecompany。Ifthereareanyrisksaroundtheoperationthemanagementshouldmakeareportandfindthesolutionsoftheinvolvedrisks。Iftheywillavoidthesotherewillnotbecompliancerisksforthecompany，andthecompanycanachievetheirtargetsuccessfully。
　　Therearesomequestionsthatwhatrisksshouldacompanynotacceptforexamplequalitycompromisesandenvironmentalandrulesandregulationssetbythegovernment。Theymustnotacceptthelegalrisks。Alltheproductandservicesshouldbeastandardquality。Alwaysworstoutcomesshouldbeassessedforthedevelopmentofthecompany。
　　C。EventidentificationAneventisaincidentarisingfromexternalandinternalsourcesthatcanaffectimplementationofstrategy。Therearesomeexternalandinternalfactorsthroughwhichwecanidentifyevents。Economicchangescanaffectthecompanyfinancially。Upsanddowninthecurrencyofthecountrycanaffecttheimportandexportofthecompany。Naturalenvironmentscanalsoaffectthecompany。Environmentaldamagecancausebyfailureintherulesandregulationssetbylaw。Lossoffundsthroughfraudscanbeaseriousproblemforthecompany。Failuretomeasurementofproductcanbeanotherdeficitforthecompany。Projectdelaycanaffectthecompany，sreputation。Failureofcontractorsandpartnerscanbeanotherbadsituationforthecompany。Technicalfaultscanalsobecostlyforthecompany，Itcanbetimeconsumingandaffectthecompany，stargetandreputation。
　　D。RiskassessmentwithparticularreferencetotheimpactandlikelihoodofriskInanorganisationitispossiblethataneventcanoccurandaffecttheachievementsoftheobjectives。Itcandecreasethevalueofthegoodsandservices，sothatriskshouldanalysedbecauseoftheirimpacts。Managementshouldconsiderthefutureevents，expectedorunexpected。Theyshouldalwaysfindingthatwhatisworstthatcanhappenordamagethereputationoftheorganisation。Consideringtheriskappetitetheamountofriskisacceptableornot，mostlikelythegovernmententitiesriskislowthantheprivateorganisations。Tolerancelevelishighintheprivateorganisations。Riskassessmentcanusequantitativeandqualitativemethods。Ifthemanagementalreadymisstogivenotificationtothecontrolleranditcanbefailuretorecoverthefunds。Lackofnotificationcanresultininvestigation。
　　E。RiskresponseManagementdeterminesthathowcanberespondtotherisk，reviewingandimpact，evaluatingcostsandbenefitsandselectingoptionswithintheentity，srisktolerance。Managementshouldkeeptryingtoavoidtheriskifthereareotheralternativesinfrontofcompany。Bydoingthattheriskmanagementwecanfindoutwhatisgoodforthecompany。Iftheriskoccursthespecificactionsshouldtakenbythemanagementtoreducetherisklevel。Reducingriskbysharingtheimpactoftheriskcanbebeneficialfortheorganisation。Iftheorganisationwillaccepttheriskwithoutdoinganythingthentheresultscanbedangers。
　　Itiseasytoanalysethecostsideinspiteofbenefitside。Managementshouldfirstfindtherisksineachpisionorineachbusinessunit。Aviewofriskcanbedepictedinseveralwaysfocusingonmajorrisksandeventcategoriesacrosspisions。Iftheriskisintheprogramunitcanbetoleratedbutitdependsoftheleveloftherisk。
　　F。Controlactivitiesthereisamajorroleofeffectivenessandefficiencyincontrolactivities。Controlactivitiesshouldbetestedtoensurethatthereisnotmaterialweaknessordifficulties。Managementalsoshouldensurethatcontrolactivitiesarecarriedoutinatimelymanner。Internalauditorcanalsosupportmanagementbyprovidingassuranceontheeffectivenessandefficiencyofcontrolactivities。Inanorganisationtheymustprovidethereceipttocustomers，cashshouldbehandlewithcare，informationsystemanddataprocessingsystemshouldbestrongenough，financialreporting，accountsreceivable，andinvestmentsshouldhandlewithcare。Misuseofcompany，sassets，corruptionandfraudulentreportsshouldbeshouldbeprobeproperly。
　　Themanagementshouldfocusonthecoreareaslikeinformationsystem，contracts，purchasing，grantsandotherprograms，servicesprovidedtothecommunity，revenuecollection，salariesofemployees，andproperty。Riskwithlargeandmoderateimpactsshouldbeaddressedwithcontrolactivities。
　　G。informationcommunicationInformationismajorsourcetoidentifyrisks，andrespondtheminaappropriatewayevenisexternalorinternal。Informationshouldavailableforwidespreaduse，allthetransactionsshouldrecordedandtrackedinactualtiming，managementshouldhaveimmediateaccesstooperatingandfinancialinformationmoreeffectively。Iftheriskisintolerancethanthat，sallrightotherwiseanactionshouldtakeimmediately。Datareliabilityininformationsystemshouldassessedcarefully，poorassessmentorbadmanagementdecisionscanaffectthetargets。Communicationisanotherwaytobesafefromrisks，managersandstaffneedstodiscussthematterswitheachother，andtriestofindthesolutionsfortheproblems。Ifnecessarytheyshouldtakeactionsimmediately。
　　H。MonitoringInanorganisationongoingmonitoringactivitiesshouldbecontinuousprocess。Ongoingmonitoringactivitieswilloccurthroughmanagementactivities。Divisionhead，Linemanager，controller，seniormanagement，internalauditor，andexternalauditorcanevaluatethemonitoringprocess。Avarietyofevaluationtechniquesareavailablelikechecklist，questionnaire，flowcharttechniques，performancestepsetc。Reportingtothemanagementabouttherisksisagoodwaytokeepaneyeintheorganisationitwillbefarseeingprocesswhichcankeepsafetheorganisationfromunwanteddangerandthreats。
　　Conclusion：Savouryaromacoffeeshopeeshouldidentifythreatscominginthewayofachievingobjectivesandstartcreatinghazards。Theyshoulddoproperassessmentandneedtofindsolution。Thissolutionshouldbebiggerthanproblem。Theyhavetobeverycompetentandefficient。