什么是PATH环境变量,它有什么作用? LANGPS1PATH PATH含义 存放的是命令的位置路径 〔rootoldboyedu01nb〕echoPATH usrlocalsbin:usrlocalbin:sbin:bin:usrsbin:usrbin:rootbin 第二个里程牌liunx下面运行命令过程 1、输入命令 2、在PATH里面路径进行查找 3、找到了就运行 4、找不到就提示commandnotfound 第1题 如何过滤出已知当前目录下oldboy中的所有一级目录(提示:不包含oldboy目录下面目录的子目录及隐藏目录,即只能是第一级目录)? mkdiroldboyp cdoldboy mkdirextoldboytestxiaodongxingfujiep touchjeacenolaboywodi。gzyingsui。gz yuminstalltreey 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕如何查询某个软件是否安装了? 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕rpmqa(查找所有安装软件) 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕rpmqa 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕rpmqagreptree(查找具体的软件安装包) tree1。5。33。el6。x8664 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕rpmqatree tree1。5。33。el6。x8664 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕rpmqagrepipt initscripts9。03。581。el6。centos。x8664 iptablesipv61。4。716。el6。x8664 plymouthscripts0。8。329。el6。centos。x8664 iptables1。4。716。el6。x8664 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕查看某个软件包里面的内容 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕rpmqltre packagetreisnotinstalled 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕rpmqltree(查看具体安装包里面的内容) usrbintree usrsharedoctree1。5。3 usrsharedoctree1。5。3LICENSE 方法1 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕treedoldboy oldboy ext oldboy test xiaodong xingfujie 5directories 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕treedL1oldboy oldboy ext test xiaodong xingfujie 方法2 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕findtyped 。 。ext 。extoldboy 。xiaodong 。test 。xingfujie 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕findmaxdepth1typed!name。(找出名字不是点) 。ext 。xiaodong 。test 。xingfujie 方法3 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕lsl total28 rwrr。1rootroot0Jun907:06alex。txt rwrr。1rootroot292Jun906:34ett。txt drwxrxrx3rootroot4096Jun2221:55ext rwrr1rootroot0Jun2223:44jeacen rwrr1rootroot0Jun2223:44olaboy rwrr。1rootroot0Jun907:06oldboy。txt drwxrxrx。2rootroot4096Jun907:26test rwrr。1rootroot8Jun907:26test。sh rwrr。1rootroot8Jun907:26t。sh rwrr1rootroot0Jun2223:44wodi。gz drwxrxrx2rootroot4096Jun2221:55xiaodong drwxrxrx2rootroot4096Jun2221:55xingfujie rwrr1rootroot0Jun2223:44yingsui。gz 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕lslgrepd(找出目录为d开头的文件) drwxrxrx3rootroot4096Jun2221:55ext drwxrxrx。2rootroot4096Jun907:26test drwxrxrx2rootroot4096Jun2221:55xiaodong drwxrxrx2rootroot4096Jun2221:55xingfujie 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕 方法4 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕lslawk21(第二列大于1) total28 drwxrxrx3rootroot4096Jun2221:55ext drwxrxrx。2rootroot4096Jun907:26test drwxrxrx2rootroot4096Jun2221:55xiaodong drwxrxrx2rootroot4096Jun2221:55xingfujie 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕 第2题假如当前目录〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕pwd这是打印当前目录的,最菜的命令 oldboy 现在因为需要进入到tmp目录下进行操作,执行的命令如下: 〔rootoldboyoldboy〕cdtmp 〔rootoldboytmp〕pwd tmp 操作完毕后,希望快速返回上一次进入的目录,即oldboy目录,如何操作(不使用cdoldboy) 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕快速回到上一次的所在的位置目录 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕cd oldboy 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕pwd oldboy 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕 cd cd。当前目录复制移动cpetchost。 cd。。进入到当前目录的上一级目录 cd进入当前用户的家目录,回老家 (root用户)root (普通用户)home cd回老家回家 cd快速回到上一次的所在位置目录 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕进入到etcsysconfignetworkscripts目录,并查看你所在的位置 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕进入到上一级目录,并查看你所在位置 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕进入到root目录下面,并显示你所在位置 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕回到老家 〔rootVM86centos〕cdoldboy 〔rootVM86centosoldboy〕cdetcsysconfignetworkscripts 〔rootVM86centosnetworkscripts〕pwd etcsysconfignetworkscripts 〔rootVM86centosnetworkscripts〕cd。。 〔rootVM86centossysconfig〕pwd etcsysconfig 〔rootVM86centossysconfig〕cdroot 〔rootVM86centos〕pwd root 〔rootVM86centos〕cd etcsysconfig 第3题一个目录中有多文件(ls查看时好多屏),想最快速度查看到最近更新的文件,怎么查 lslrt 第5题调试系统服务时,希望能实时查看系统日志varlogmessages的更新,如何做? tailf显示文件的实时更新 taillftailf 第4题打印配置文件nginx。conf内容的行号及内容,该如何做? 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕echo{1。。5} 12345 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕echostu{01。。10} stu01020304050607080910 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕echostu{01。。10} stu01stu02stu03stu04stu05stu06stu07stu08stu09stu10 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕echostu{01。。10}xargsn1 stu01xargsstu02xargsstu03xargsstu04xargsstu05xargsstu06xargsstu07xargsstu08xargsstu09xargsstu10xargsn1 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕echostu{01。。10}xargsn1 stu01 stu02 stu03 stu04 stu05 stu06 stu07 stu08 stu09 stu10 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕echostu{01。。10}xargsn1nginx。conf 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕catnginx。conf stu01 stu02 stu03 stu04 stu05 stu06 stu07 stu08 stu09 stu10 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕 方法1 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕catnnginx。conf(n表示行号) 1stu01 2stu02 3stu03 4stu04 5stu05 6stu06 7stu07 8stu08 9stu09 10stu10 方法2vivim :setnu显示行号number :setmonu取消小时行号 方法3grepn参数 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕grepnstunginx。conf 1:stu01 2:stu02 3:stu03 4:stu04 5:stu05 6:stu06 7:stu07 8:stu08 9:stu09 10:stu10 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕grepn。nginx。conf 1:stu01 2:stu02 3:stu03 4:stu04 5:stu05 6:stu06 7:stu07 8:stu08 9:stu09 10:stu10 小结: 1。catn;vivim显示行号 2、grepn 3、awkNRprint 第5题,装完系统后,希望让网络文件共享服务器NFS(iptables),仅在3级别上开机自启动,如何操作? chkconfigiptablesoff 第6题,liunx系统中查看中文,但是乱码,请问如何解决? 原因:liunx使用字符集与原创连接工具的不同 解决: 方法1:推荐修改xshell字符集 方法2:修改系统字符集 1:命令行exportLANGenus。utf8 2。写入配置文件 cpetcsysconfigi18netcsysconfigi18n。bat echo‘LANGenus。UTF8etcsysconfigi18n 3、生效 sourceetcsysconfigi18n 第7题;etc目录为liunx系统默认的配置文件及服务启动命令的目录 a、请用tar打包etc整个目录(打包及压缩) b、请把a点命令的压缩包,解压到tmp指定目录下(最好只用tar命令实现) c、请用tar打包etc整个目录(打包及压缩,但需要排除etcservices文件)。 tar创建查看解压压缩包 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕tarzcvftmpetc。tar。gzetc 创建压缩包压缩包存放的位置压缩能够目录 zcvf注释: z通过gzip工具进行压缩, c表示create创建压缩包, v表示verbose显示执行过程 f显示file接上压缩包的名字 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕lsltmp(查看文件) total9508 rwrr1rootroot9736182Jun2305:48etc。tar。gz 查看压缩包的内容 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕tarztftmpetc。tar。gz ztf注释:t表示list显示压缩包的内容 解压 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕cdtmp 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tarzxfetc。tar。gz(解压) 创建 tarzcf 查看 tartf 解压 tarxf 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tarzxfetc。tar。gz 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tarzcftmpsysconfig。tar。gzetcsysconfig tar:Removingleadingfrommembernamestar:Removingleadingfromhardlinktargets 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tartftmpsysconfig。tar。gz 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕lsl total9568 drwxrxrx78rootroot4096Jun2303:39etc rwrr1rootroot9736182Jun2305:48etc。tar。gz rwrr1rootroot53851Jun2306:00sysconfig。tar。gz 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕rmfretc donotusermfretc 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕ll total9568 drwxrxrx78rootroot4096Jun2303:39etc rwrr1rootroot9736182Jun2305:48etc。tar。gz rwrr1rootroot53851Jun2306:00sysconfig。tar。gz 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕rmfretc 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕ll total9564 rwrr1rootroot9736182Jun2305:48etc。tar。gz rwrr1rootroot53851Jun2306:00sysconfig。tar。gz 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tarxfsysconfig。tar。gz 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕ll total9568 drwxrxrx3rootroot4096Jun2306:02etc rwrr1rootroot9736182Jun2305:48etc。tar。gz rwrr1rootroot53851Jun2306:00sysconfig。tar。gz 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕lsetc sysconfig 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕lsetc sysconfig 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕lsetcsysconfig acpidi18nkernelquotanldsshd atdinitkeyboardraidchecksysstat auditdip6tablesmodulesreadaheadsysstat。ioconf authconfigip6tablesconfignetconsolereadonlyrootsystemconfigfirewall cbqip6tables。oldnetworkrngdsystemconfigfirewall。old clockiptablesnetworkingrsyslogudev consoleiptablesconfignetworkscriptssandbox cpuspeediptables。oldntpdsaslauthd crondirqbalancentpdateselinux grubkdumpprelinksmartmontools 请把A点命令的压缩包,解压到tmp指定目录下(最好用tar命令实现) 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tarxfetc。tar。gzCopt(指定目录) 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕lslopt(查看解压后的目录情况) 请用tar打包etc整个目录(打包及压缩,但需要排除etcservices文件) 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tarzcftmpetc。tar。gzetc tar:Removingleadingfrommembernames tar:Removingleadingfromhardlinktargets 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tarzcftmpetcpaichu。tar。gzetcexcludeetcservices tar:Removingleadingfrommembernames tar:Removingleadingfromhardlinktargets 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tarzcftmpetcpaichu。tar。gzetcexcludeetcservices tar:Removingleadingfrommembernames tar:Removingleadingfromhardlinktargets 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tartftmpetc。tar。gzgrepservices etcinitreadaheaddisableservices。conf etcservices 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕tartftmpetcpaichu。tar。gzgrepservices etcinitreadaheaddisableservices。conf 〔rootoldboyedu01nbtmp〕 cd tarzcftmpetc。tar。gzetc 小结: 1、tar打包压缩 2、创建压缩包查看压缩包,解压 3、解压到指定的文件夹 4、创建压缩包排除 第8题如何查看etcservices文件的有多少行? 〔rootoldboyedu01nb〕cdoldboy 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕wcletcservices 10774etcservices、 屌丝去洗浴中心之路 3、 (1)查看22端口是否开启telnet (2)sshd远程连接进程是否在运行 psef 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕psefgrepsshd(过滤进程sshd) root143610Jun22?00:00:00usrsbinsshd root24611436005:11?00:00:00sshd:rootpts0 root25881436006:45?00:00:00sshd:rootpts1 root26561436007:30?00:00:00sshd:rootpts2 root27012658008:01pts200:00:00grepsshd 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕psefgrepsshd root143610Jun22?00:00:00usrsbinsshd root27052658008:03pts200:00:00grepsshd 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕psefgrepsshdwcl(显示进程出现几个;次数) 2hr第9题:过滤出etcservices文件包含3306和1521两数字所在行号的内容 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕grep3306etcservices mysql3306tcpMySQL mysql3306udpMySQL 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕egrep33061521etcservices mysql3306tcpMySQL mysql3306udpMySQL ncubelm1521tcpnCubeLicenseManager ncubelm1521udpnCubeLicenseManager 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕egrepgrepE支持高级正则(公鸡里的战斗机) 〔rootoldboyedu01nboldboy〕 第10题命令行及shell中不加引号、加单引号和加双引号的区别小结 单引号所见即所得吃啥吐啥 双引号里面的特殊符号会被解析 〔rootVM86centosoldboy〕echohellollsLANG(hostname)pwd hellollsLANG(hostname)pwd